Lomo School – The School for Analogue Photography
Forget about stuffy classrooms with chewing gum on the seats, welcome to the most exciting school you’ve ever been to! Learn everything from the analogue basics to exciting experimental techniques with these photography courses.
Are you keen to become an expert in all things analogue? Whether you’ve never seen a film camera before or if you’re an experienced photographer – this is a space where everyone can get involved. Find detailed guides to the analogue basics as well as tips and tricks for recreating Lomography’s signature experimental techniques. An ever-growing curriculum, we’re answering the most frequently asked questions from our Community and welcome any more at school@lomography.com.
Featured
Most Popular Courses
Our Curriculum
- Multiple exposures
- Analogue photography basics
- Film scanning
- Flash photography
- Shooting low ISO
- Light painting and long exposures
- Expired film
- Film photography in low light
- Introduction to film types
- Lens filters
- How photographic film is made
- Introduction to photography history
- Film camera maintenance
- Darkroom techniques
- What is Lomography?
- Self-developing film
- Instant photography
- Pinhole photography
- All about film soup
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What is a test strip?
A test strip is a piece of paper with which the correct exposure time for an image can be determined by dividing it into sections of different exposures.
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How do I know if my film camera is in good condition?
Whether you’re buying secondhand film cameras or inheriting old cameras from family or friends, you can conduct a quick check to find out if they are working and in good condition.
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Who first invented photography?
It was Joseph Nicéphore Niépce who successfully captured the first photographic image using the Camera Obscura, by taking a view from the window of his house.
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Is it cheaper to develop my own film at home?
Yes, if you shoot a lot of film it can often be cheaper to develop it yourself at home.
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What are some tips for shooting film in low light?
From using film stocks with higher ISO, using prime lens, tripod and lightmeter, here are a few tips for shooting in low light situations such as overcast days, night shoots and indoor set ups.
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For how long is expired film still ok to use?
There’s no hard rule about how long a film will still be usable for past its expiry date. It all depends how the film has been stored before you shoot it. Film that has been kept in high temperatures, sunlight, or humidity will have degraded much faster than film that has been kept in cool, dark and dry conditions.
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Should you push film in low light?
Pushing the film in low light conditions depends on a few variables including how dark the environment is, and if you think it will be necessary to let in more light to achieve the image you’re going for.
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How should film be stored?
Photographic film should be stored in a cool, dry and dark place. Keeping film in these conditions is the best way to slow down its gradual degradation.
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What are the different types of film cameras?
From a SLR, to TLR, to rangefinder or point & shoot cameras – find out how these different types of cameras operate.
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How to make my own pinhole camera
There are many ways to make pinhole cameras, from cardboard boxes to beer cans! Here’s a quick and basic guide for you.
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What is the sunny16 rule?
The Sunny 16 Rule is a way to meter for correct exposure during daylight without using the camera’s meter. It is great for photographers who don’t want to get slowed down by metering for every shot or rely too much on their camera’s in-built light meter.
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How long should I expose the frame for pinhole photography?
The answer, simply, is that it depends on many factors, including the image you want to create, the type of light-sensitive material you will be using, and the amount of light. Because of the small size of pinhole cameras' opening, these cameras take in less light so exposure usually takes longer.
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What is light painting?
Light Painting (sometimes known as Light Graffiti) is a technique where you can alter the photo by creating movements of light within the image.
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How to scan my film negatives at home
Depending on the method you’re going for, you will be needing some of the following to scan your film negatives: digital camera with macro lens or your smartphone, a tripod, a scanning mask or film holder, a flatbed scanner or dedicated film scanner, a light table/LED panel or scanning kits.
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What is a Lomographic picture?
A Lomographic picture usually mixes the golden rules of Lomography and a few of the defining characteristic styles. However, nowadays a Lomographic picture is entirely up to your own creativity.
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What does it mean to overexpose vs underexpose a photo?
Put simply, an overexposed image is one that is brighter than the reality of the scene you’re trying to photograph, while an underexposed image is darker than reality. Overexposure generally means you are giving your film too much light, and with underexposure you have the opposite problem of not enough light.
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What is a multiple exposure?
Multiple exposures (or MX) are photographs in which two or more images are superimposed in a single frame, and they’re super easy to create using your analogue camera. Set an image of a train against a field of flowers, or prop your friend’s face against an image of a city skyline to create enchanting and surreal images.
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What are the different photographic film formats?
The three main types of film format are 35 mm, medium format and large format. More unusual formats also exist such as 110 and 127.
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What is the difference between panchromatic and orthochromatic film?
Orthochromatic film is made with blue-sensitive silver halide crystals, while panchromatic film adds other chemicals to increase the film’s sensitivity into the green and red parts of the spectrum.
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How many layers does a film emulsion have?
There are several layers in a film emulsion and their characteristics vary with each manufacturer.
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How is the emulsion coating applied to the film?
The coating of a film is a layer of emulsion containing microscopic light-sensitive silver halide crystals.
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What are Silver halide crystals?
A silver halide is a chemical compound that forms between the element silver and one of the halogens. When the crystals are exposed to light they react and form latent images.
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When were wetplates invented?
The wet plate photography process was invented during the 1850s by Gustave Le Gray who theorized about the development process, and Frederick Scott Archer who was hands-on in devising the actual steps of how to create an image on a wet plate.
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How was the first sequential photograph taken?
The Horse In Motion by Eadweard Muybridge is the first known sequential photograph. It was captured in 1878 and used by then Californian governor Leland Stanford to investigate whether a horse’s gallop resulted in all four hooves being in the air at the same time.
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When was instant photography invented?
The first instant camera was created by Samuel Shlafrock in 1923. However, because it was not commercially successful, Edwin Herbert Land is often credited with being the inventor of instant photography with his camera, the Polaroid Model 95.
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Who created the first optic lens?
Ancient civilizations polished crystals, mostly quartz, to replicate the optical abilities that can be found when looking at water. The most famous of these experiments was the Nimrud lens which was made by the Assyrians between 750–710 BC.
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Can I give my film soup to a lab?
Some labs will accept souped film, but this is not always the case. The chemical residue from your film soup could potentially damage lab equipment and other people’s film. For this reason you should always inform the lab of the film soup, and give details of the chemicals and elements used.
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How to make a darkroom print
Work in a fully equipped darkroom. Select a negative, put it in an enlarger and focus the frame. Then expose the image for the correct time on the photographic paper. Finally develop, stop, fix, wash and dry.
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What is an enlarger?
An enlarger is a light projector used to make a print of an image that is larger than the original negative or transparency.
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How to get a broken film camera repaired?
If your film camera is badly damaged you can send it to a professional camera technician to be repaired. If the issue is relatively simple, you may be able to fix it yourself using online resources as a guide.
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How to clean your film camera?
It’s recommended to clean your camera regularly whether you use it a lot or not. Here’s a few steps to keep your camera in good working condition.
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Do I need to get my film camera serviced regularly?
Many film cameras have been around for decades so it’s advised to have them serviced every two or so years to keep them in good condition.
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How do I keep my film camera in good condition?
Here’s a list of the ways you can keep your camera in good working condition.
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What is Dodging and Burning?
Dodging and burning are darkroom techniques used to make adjustments to different areas of our prints. Dodging lightens an area, while burning darkens an area.
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What is an ND filter used for?
Neutral-Density filters, also known as ND filters, are lens accessories used to control the amount of light coming through your camera lens.
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Why are color filters sometimes used for black and white photography?
In black and white photography color filters have the ability to increase contrast in your image, reduce the amount of light hitting your film, and slightly modify certain aspects of the image to adapt to weather conditions.
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What are the most common types of lens filters?
UV filters, ND filters, Polarizers, and Color Correcting filters are tools that all serve their own unique purposes and can help to elevate one’s photography practice.
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Why do photographers use lens filters?
Lens filters mainly serve two purposes: to physically protect your camera’s lens and to give you control over the light entering through it – whether that be through light intensity, colors, shapes, etc.
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What are the different types of flash in photography?
The two main types of flash are built-in camera flashes and external flashes that attach to the camera via a hot shoe.
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In what situations should I use a flash?
The most straightforward time to use a flash is when you have a lack of light in a scene, but beyond this you may also want to use a flash in other difficult lighting situations or as a creative choice.
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What is a hot shoe?
A hot shoe is a mount on top of a camera that facilitates the transmission of electronic signals between the camera and its accessory.
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What is the difference between an in-camera flash and an external flash?
As the names suggest, an in-camera flash is built into the camera itself while an external flash has to be attached. Besides this, portability and creative control are two other factors that differentiate them.
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Can I still develop expired film?
Yes, in most cases expired film can still be developed normally. Though there may be some visible degradation noticeable in the final images, depending on how many years the film has expired by, as well as the conditions it has been stored in.
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What are the best conditions for shooting low ISO film?
Since low ISO films are less sensitive to light, the best conditions for shooting them are bright conditions such as outdoors on sunny days.
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When did photography become popular with ordinary people?
In the 19th century, photography emerged in various styles such as war photography, portraiture, and architectural photography. However, it was only in the early 20th century that photography became more accessible to the general public with formats such as 35 mm (also called 135 film) 105, 110, 120, 126, and 127.
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When did cameras start using film?
Photographic film was revolutionized by George Eastman, who eliminated the need for wet plates by introducing the concept of paper film in 1885.
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When was color photography invented?
Color photography was the subject of numerous experiments in the 19th century, and it was officially confirmed that the first colored photograph was produced by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861.
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What kind of effects will I get with a low ISO film?
Using low ISO film results in less grainy and higher quality images with more detail.
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Can you shoot low ISO film at night?
Although low ISO film stocks shine in bright conditions, they can still be used at night time with a few caveats and reminders.
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What are some tips for shooting with low ISO film?
There are many ways you can get a balanced exposure and amazing results with low ISO films. These include shooting in daylight, using a manual camera, using faster and wider lenses, and making smart use of available light sources.
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How does film work?
A photograph is the final result that occurs when a chemical reaction exists between light and sensitive silver grain compounds.
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What is photographic film made from?
Film is composed by two main parts, the base and the emulsion. The film base is usually made of cellulose triacetate, acetate, or polyester. The emulsion is the active ingredient that will capture the final image.
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What are the best ingredients for film soup?
There are no strict rules when it comes to creating a film soup recipe. However, there are key liquid ingredients that most experienced film soup enthusiasts gravitate towards. Think of water, cola, juice, wine, beer, coffee, contact lens solution, vinegar, soy sauce, to name a few.
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Can you soup film after development?
Yes, it is possible to do a film soup once your film has been developed. It is not common, however it is a technique that can still be done and produce unique results.
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Will film soup damage my camera?
Your camera should be fine, provided the film is dry when you shoot with it.
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Should you do film soup before or after shooting?
Film soup can be done either before and after shooting a roll of film. Allowing drying time for the film is necessary in both cases.
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What is film soup?
Film Soup is a creative and experimental technique that involves soaking film in various liquids to create unique and unconventional images.
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How to safely dispose of film developing chemicals
The best way to dispose of your chemicals is to discharge them at your city’s waste collection point.
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Why is black and white film easier to develop at home than color film?
The steps involved in developing color film are more complicated than with black and white, and temperature control is also a key part of the process.
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How to develop black and white film at home
Load your film in the dark, prepare your solution at 20℃, pour developer for the desired amount of time, wash, pour the fixer for the desired amount of time, wash with hypo solution, and hang to dry.
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Can you develop film without a darkroom?
Yes, however the spooling of your film must be performed in the dark.
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What equipment do I need to develop film at home?
You will need: A changing bag, developing tank, reels, developing solution, fixer, hypo cleaning agent, access to water, clips, timer, thermometer, and measuring cups.
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What are the best tips for shooting neon lights on film?
From using fast film, exploring multiple exposures and perfecting your camera settings, here are some of the best tips for capturing neon lights on film.
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What are the best lightmeter apps to use for film photography?
Here are some of the best lightmeter apps for iOS and Android devices to download for film photography.
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Do I have to load film in my camera in the dark?
There’s no need to load film in the dark but going under the shade or subdued lighting are ideal conditions when loading film.
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What is the optimal pinhole size?
A pinhole size ranging from somewhere between 0.2 – 1.00 mm should be good for creating your own pinhole camera.
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Do pinhole cameras need to focus?
Pinhole cameras do not need to focus. Their tiny aperture means the camera has a nearly infinite depth of field.
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What is the difference between a pinhole camera and a camera obscura?
A pinhole camera is a type of camera obscura that follows its namesake and uses a tiny pinhole as its lens.
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Do I need to overexpose expired film?
Yes, when shooting expired film it’s a good idea to overexpose. This is because as film ages and the emulsion degrades, it loses sensitivity, meaning that it needs more light to expose the image correctly.
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Will expired film damage my camera?
No, using expired film in your camera will not cause any damage to the camera itself.
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How to develop expired film?
Most of the time you can develop expired film normally, the same as you would with any regular roll of film. No special adjustments need to be made.
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What do photos taken with expired film look like?
Photos taken with expired film are often characterised by prominent grain, low contrast and noticeable color shifts.
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What are some tips for shooting expired film?
Shooting with expired film will always be unpredictable, since there is no way to know exactly how much the film has degraded over time and therefore what the end results will look like. However there are a few steps you can take to maximize your chances of getting decent photos from expired film.
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What is the difference between a full-frame and half-frame camera?
Full-frame film cameras create an image across the entire 36 mm by 24 mm frame. Whereas half-frame cameras can fit two images onto one frame and each image measures 18 mm by 24 mm.
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How many photos can you take on a 35 mm film?
A standard roll of 35 mm film allows you to take 36 photos. However certain film stocks only allow 24 photos to be taken. The number of exposures is indicated on the outside of the box of film.
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What is the best type of 35 mm film for double exposures?
Multiple exposures can be made with any type of film, but we recommend using black and white or color negative rather than E-6 slide film because it has a wider exposure latitude, meaning it can handle over or under exposure very well.
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What camera settings should I use for low light film photography?
There are a few settings you can tinker with to take photos effectively even in low light conditions. These include opening up your aperture or using a longer shutter speed in order to allow more light when taking a photo. You can also use a flash to take clearer photos of your subjects in low light.
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How can I shoot film at night without a tripod?
There are a few tricks you can use to get a better shot without a tripod to work with, these include maximizing the available light source around you, picking a higher ISO film stock or pushing the film, as well as using a flash and faster lenses.
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What are the difficulties of shooting film in low light?
There are a few difficulties you can face when shooting in low-light conditions such as indoors, places with a lot of shade, underwater, or at night time. The main difficulty is potential underexposure resulting in dark images with barely visible subjects. The outcome could also be grainier than photos taken in daylight.
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What ISO film should I use when shooting film at night?
When shooting in low light conditions such as indoors or at night time, it’s best to choose a film stock with a high ISO such as ISO 400, 800 or 1600.
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Why do some people like to shoot expired film?
Some photographers use expired film because they like the unique look it gives their photos. As photographic film ages it tends to have decreased contrast, increased grain, and significant color shifts.
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Can expired film still be used?
Yes, photographic film is often okay to use beyond its expiration date. The extent to which you will notice effects of the film’s age depends on how many years the film has expired by, as well as the conditions it has been stored in.
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What is the difference between analogue and digital?
Analogue and digital formats are both ways of storing information. In analogue technology, waves or signals are stored in their original form (such as vinyl where grooves are etched in order to create sound waves on the disk itself.) However, in digital technology, waves or signals are converted into numbers and stored as code on a digital device such as a hard drive, memory card or computer.
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What are the best tips for light painting?
With Light Painting there are no strict rules on the outcome, but here are some valuable tips to help you get the best shot.
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What is a half-frame film camera?
Half-frame cameras shoot 18×24 mm photographs on 35 mm film. This means you can take up to 72 images on one single roll and save a lot of film!
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What happens if I take out the instax film canister from my camera with film still inside?
Removing the instax film canister from your camera when you still have unexposed film inside will likely result in at least one ruined and unusable instax. Any instax film beneath the first one will probably be fine, although they could also contain light leaks.
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How should I store my instant photos?
When it comes to storing instant photos a lot people simply throw them in an old shoebox or desk drawer. However, if you want to keep your instant photos in good condition for many years to come you can also take some additional measures.
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How can I scan my instant photos?
There are a number of ways to create digital scans from your instant photos. Let’s take a look at the options available.
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What are some features of Lomography Instant cameras?
The Lomography range of instant cameras have a ton of fun features including multiple exposure mode, bulb mode, remote control shutter release, and glass lenses.
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What are the different instant film formats?
All Lomography cameras use Fujifilm Instax film. These come in three different formats – Instax Mini Film, Instax Square Film and Instax Wide Film.
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What is the LomoGraflok 4×5 Instant back?
The LomoGraflok is the world’s first Instant Back for 4×5 cameras. It attaches to 4×5 cameras using the common graflok system, which most 4×5 cameras have, and so allows you to shoot Fujifilm Instax Wide film using large format cameras.
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What is instant photography?
Instant photography allows us to print fully developed photos seconds after they are taken. This is possible because instant film contains all the development chemicals needed already within it.
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What does bokeh mean?
Coming from the Japanese word “boke-aji” which means the quality of blur, bokeh describes the quality of a photo’s “blurry“ and out-of-focus portion.
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How to do a long exposure with an instant camera?
To do a long exposure with an instant camera, make sure your camera has a bulb or a long exposure mode as one of its settings. Lomography’s instant camera range whether it’s Lomo’Instant Square or the Diana Instant Square, have previously mentioned features that will allow you to experiment with long exposure and light painting
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Which Lomography cameras can be used for pinhole photography?
A few Lomography cameras have pinhole photography function, namely the Diana F+, Diana Instant Square, LomoMod No. 1, and the Diana Multi Pinhole Operator.
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What is pinhole photography?
Pinhole photography is the stripped down version of photography. Instead of an actual lens and a sophisticated system, pinhole photography makes use of a tightly-sealed box and a pinhole (aperture) to capture light and create images.
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What do I need to start creating long exposures or light painting?
Having a camera with manual or bulb mode, as well as a tripod, and a portable light source is all you need to start creating long exposures and light painting.
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Which settings should I use on my camera for light painting?
For light painting make sure to be on manual or bulb mode when shooting. Depending on what you want to do with your light painting you can set the shutter from 30 seconds to a few minutes in order to create your photograph.
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How long should I expose the frame for a long exposure photo?
To start creating a long exposure you should set the shutter to stay open for at least 2 seconds. From here you can start to experiment and figure out what shutter speed works for the effect you want to create.
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Which Lomography cameras can be used for long exposures or light painting?
Most of the Lomography cameras come with a bulb function which allows the shutter to stay open for as long as the user is holding the shutter release button. Other Lomography cameras also have the option of using a shutter release cable.
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What film should I use for light painting?
Any film can be used for light painting but film stocks with an ISO 400 or 800 are commonly used since it does well in low light situations. It is mostly your camera and the settings that will determine the success of your light painting photo. Film stocks with an ISO of 400 or 800 are commonly used since they do well in low-light situations.
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What are the best Lomography cameras for beginners?
Lomography has many cameras made for different occasions. For taking your first journey into film, wanting to learn the more technical side of photography, or even just letting loose and experimenting, there is a Lomography camera for you. This list highlights five cameras: the Simple Use Camera, Fisheye No. 2 35 mm Camera, Diana F+, the Lomo LC-A+, and the LomoApparat, which are all great starting points to your analogue journey.
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What is the LomoLab?
The LomoLab is our film developing and scanning arm of Lomography. Found in Vienna and only available for mainland Europe, you can send in your rolls directly to us at Lomography – LomoLab, Kaiserstraße 34/12, 1070 Vienna, Austria.
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What is a LomoAmigo?
A LomoAmigo is an artist we collaborate with. They bring their own unique styles to our products and we publish articles in the Lomography Magazine highlighting their work.
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What makes Lomography cameras different from other film cameras?
Lomography cameras are different from other film cameras because they’re designed to be easy to use with film experimentation in mind.
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How and where can I get my film scanned?
Film processing labs that offer film development services will typically also offer scanning services.
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How to scan 120 film?
Like other film formats, you can scan a 120 film using a flatbed scanner, a dedicated film scanner fit for the 120 film format, paired with a scanning mask like the Lomography DigitaLIZA 120 film scanning mask, or scanning kits like the Lomography DigitaLIZA+ and DigitaLIZA MAX which comes with a 120 film holder.
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What are the different methods for scanning a film negative?
If you’re looking to invest in your own film processing equipment, or simply want to try out scanning on your own, here are the most common methods and what you will need to scan your film negatives.
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Can I scan my film negative using my smartphone?
The answer is yes! You can scan 35 mm and 120 film negatives using just your smartphone with scanning kits like the Lomography DigitaLIZA Max and our free in-browser Lomo DigitaLIZA LAB tool or by installing a film scan app on your phone to invert and enhance the images.
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How to scan panoramic film negative images?
You can scan panoramic film images using a flatbed scanner, medium format scanner, a scanning mask like the DigitaLIZA scanning masks, or the DigitaLIZA scanning kits.
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How to scan overlapping frames?
You can scan film negatives with overlapping frames with a film holder or a scanning mask, a flatbed or dedicated film scanner, or a scanning kit like the DigitaLIZA+ and DigitaLIZA MAX.
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How to scan 110 film?
There are a few ways to scan 110 film, such as with Lomography’s dedicated DigitaLIZA 110 Scanning Mask, or Lomography DigitaLIZA+ and Digitaliza Max with a modified frame.
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How to scan sprocket holes and film borders?
Much like other film formats, you can scan sprocket holes and film borders using regular flatbed scanners or dedicated film scanners like the Lomography DigitaLIZA scanning kits.
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What is a LomoHome?
Your LomoHome is your gateway to sharing your photos and yourself on Lomography.com. It’s where you can upload your photos, create albums, and keep up with your friends’ latest activities.
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What is Colorsplashing?
Colorsplashing is a technique where colored filters are attached to the flash to change the original white color. Colorsplashing will give you the opportunity to bring any mood to photos with the full range of the color wheel at your disposal.
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What is metering?
Metering is the process of reading the lighting conditions before taking a photograph, to make sure you will get the right exposure for your images. This is where shutter speed, aperture, and ISO all come into play.
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What is macro photography?
Want to learn how to take those super close-up shots? Then you should definitely check out macro photography.
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What is wide-angle photography?
Looking to change up your shooting style? Try wide-angle photography and be open to a wide world of possibilities!
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What is the focal length?
Do you wonder what the number/measurement on your lens stands for? That’s the focal length of your lens and it can dictate how your photos will look like.
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What is minimum focusing distance?
Focus is an integral part of photography. It’s essentially what makes your images clear and your subject distinguishable from the background. Cameras have varying focusing capabilities and that’s why it’s important to learn about focusing distance and how it plays a role in the way you take photos.
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What is pushing or pulling a film?
Pushing or pulling a film might feel daunting at first but it’s actually simpler than it sounds.
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How can I shoot multiple exposures with my LomoGraflok 4×5 Instant Back?
Taking multiple exposures with the LomoGraflok 4×5 Instant Back is quite an easy process. Just follow these simple steps to master the technique:
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What are the best film cameras for creating multiple exposures?
Most Lomography cameras have a Multiple Exposure button or switch, easily recognisable by the MX icon.
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Can I do multiple exposures with my Simple Use Reloadable Film Camera?
There is no multiple exposure button on our Simple Use Reloadable Film Cameras. After taking a photo the shutter button will be locked until you advance the film wheel for the next exposure. However it is always possible to find ways of making multiple exposures.
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What is a film swap?
A film swap is when two people shoot the same roll of film to create combined images (or double exposures.) The first person shoots the film, then rewinds it and gives it to the second person, who will shoot the same roll of film again, creating images over the top of the first layer.
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How to do multiple exposures with an instant camera?
Lomography Instant cameras have a multiple exposure button or switch (labelled MX). This allows you to expose one frame as many times as you like, easily creating incredible layered effects.
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Which Lomography cameras can be used for multiple exposures?
Most Lomography cameras have the ability to make multiple exposures. At Lomography we know how integral experimentation is, especially when it comes to creating awesome multiple exposures, and we’ve got you covered with our wide range of MX enabled cameras.
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How many exposures can I make on one frame?
There is no limit to the amount of exposures you can do in one frame. (As long as you have a camera that enables multiple exposures of course)
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What is the aperture?
New to film photography? If you are, then one of the things you should learn about is aperture.
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What is the shutter speed?
Another photography basic every beginner photographer should learn and take to heart is using the right shutter speed.
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What is the ISO?
Sometimes, you can’t just depend on aperture and shutter speed alone. ISO can greatly help you get the right exposure without the heavy trade-offs from relying too much on changing your aperture and shutter speed.
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Where to get film developed
There are a lot of places that can process and develop your 35 mm color negative film such as local drugstores or one-hour photo labs.
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What is the processing method for Redscale and LomoChrome films?
All Lomography color films are processed using C-41 chemicals. This includes Lomography RedScale XR and our popular range of color-shifting LomoChrome films – LomoChrome Purple, LomoChrome Metropolis and LomoChrome Turquoise
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What is cross processing?
Cross processing (or “X-pro”) is the procedure of deliberately processing film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. As each chemical mixture is optimized for a specific kind of film, you will get unpredictable results when combining them differently.
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What is B&W slide film?
Slide film, (also known as “positive“, “transparency“ and “reversal“ film) is a type of film that produces a positive image straight onto the emulsion. Unlike negative film, the light and dark areas appear on the film as they do in reality.
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What is B&W negative film?
This is by far the most common type of black and white film, and it works in much the same way as color negative film. Essentially, all the areas that appear lightest on the negative will be dark on the final print and all dark areas of the negative will show light on the print.
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What is slide film and E-6 processing?
Slide film has many other names, including “positive“, “transparency“, “reversal“ and “E-6” film. Unlike the more common color negative film, slide film produces a positive image straight onto the film. The light and dark areas appear as they do in reality. When mounted on card stock, these images are the slides that you’d put in a slide projector, or the slides that your grandparents have in boxes in the attic.
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What is color negative film and C-41 processing?
Color negative film is the most common and widely used type of color film. One of the main features of color negative film is its flexible exposure latitude. This means that it is very forgiving of incorrect exposure, particularly overexposure. Missing the correct exposure by 1 or 2 stops is no big deal with color negative film as you will usually still get decent results.
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What is the difference between color negative and slide / positive film?
Color negative and slide film both produce color images, however the difference is in how the image is made.
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What are the different types of photographic film processing?
There are three common types of development processes in film photography. These are C-41, E-6 and B&W, which correspond to the three main types of films, color negative, color positive (color reversal/slide film) and black and white, respectively.
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What is large format or sheet film?
“Large format” refers to a film type with a frame size of 4×5 inches or larger. The film is produced in individual sheets which are loaded into film holders and so for this reason it is also sometimes referred to as “sheet film.”
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What is 127 film?
127 film is 46 mm wide, placing it between 35 mm and medium format films in size. It was created by Kodak and is now rather rare to find.
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What is 110 film?
The 110 film format (also known as pocket film) was introduced by Kodak in 1972. This cartridge-based film measures just 16 mm in width, roughly half the size of the 35 mm film most people are familiar with.
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What is medium format film or 120 film?
Medium format film (or 120 film) is larger than 35 mm, but smaller than large format (or sheet film.) The terms “120 film” and “medium format film” are pretty much interchangeable nowadays, but you should know that the film is not 120 mm.
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What is 35 mm film?
35 mm film (sometimes also referred to as 135 format) is the most common photographic film format. The film is 35 millimetres wide, and each standard image is 24×36 mm.
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Multiple exposures
- What are the best techniques for taking multiple exposure photos?
- What is a multiple exposure?
- What is the best type of 35 mm film for double exposures?
- How can I shoot multiple exposures with my LomoGraflok 4×5 Instant Back?
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- Can I do multiple exposures with my Simple Use Reloadable Film Camera?
- What is a film swap?
- How to do multiple exposures with an instant camera?
- Which Lomography cameras can be used for multiple exposures?
- How many exposures can I make on one frame?
Analogue photography basics
- What are the different types of film cameras?
- What is the sunny16 rule?
- What does it mean to overexpose vs underexpose a photo?
- Do I have to load film in my camera in the dark?
- What is the difference between a full-frame and half-frame camera?
- How many photos can you take on a 35 mm film?
- What is the difference between analogue and digital?
- What does bokeh mean?
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- What is the focal length?
- What is minimum focusing distance?
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Film scanning
- How to scan my film negatives at home
- What is the LomoLab?
- How and where can I get my film scanned?
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- What are the different methods for scanning a film negative?
- Can I scan my film negative using my smartphone?
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- How to scan 110 film?
- How to scan sprocket holes and film borders?
Light painting and long exposures
- What is light painting?
- What are the best tips for light painting?
- How to do a long exposure with an instant camera?
- What do I need to start creating long exposures or light painting?
- Which settings should I use on my camera for light painting?
- How long should I expose the frame for a long exposure photo?
- Which Lomography cameras can be used for long exposures or light painting?
- What film should I use for light painting?
Expired film
- For how long is expired film still ok to use?
- How should film be stored?
- Can I still develop expired film?
- Do I need to overexpose expired film?
- Will expired film damage my camera?
- How to develop expired film?
- What do photos taken with expired film look like?
- What are some tips for shooting expired film?
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- Can expired film still be used?
Film photography in low light
- What are some tips for shooting film in low light?
- Should you push film in low light?
- What are the best tips for shooting neon lights on film?
- What are the best lightmeter apps to use for film photography?
- What camera settings should I use for low light film photography?
- How can I shoot film at night without a tripod?
- What are the difficulties of shooting film in low light?
- What ISO film should I use when shooting film at night?
Introduction to film types
- What are the different photographic film formats?
- What is the difference between panchromatic and orthochromatic film?
- What is a half-frame film camera?
- Where to get film developed
- What is the processing method for Redscale and LomoChrome films?
- What is cross processing?
- What is B&W slide film?
- What is B&W negative film?
- What is slide film and E-6 processing?
- What is color negative film and C-41 processing?
- What is the difference between color negative and slide / positive film?
- What are the different types of photographic film processing?
- What is large format or sheet film?
- What is 127 film?
- What is 110 film?
- What is medium format film or 120 film?
- What is 35 mm film?
Introduction to photography history
- Who first invented photography?
- When were wetplates invented?
- How was the first sequential photograph taken?
- When was instant photography invented?
- Who created the first optic lens?
- When did photography become popular with ordinary people?
- When did cameras start using film?
- When was color photography invented?
Self-developing film
- Is it cheaper to develop my own film at home?
- Can I still develop expired film?
- How to safely dispose of film developing chemicals
- Why is black and white film easier to develop at home than color film?
- How to develop black and white film at home
- Can you develop film without a darkroom?
- What equipment do I need to develop film at home?
Instant photography
- What happens if I take out the instax film canister from my camera with film still inside?
- How should I store my instant photos?
- How can I scan my instant photos?
- What are some features of Lomography Instant cameras?
- What are the different instant film formats?
- What is the LomoGraflok 4×5 Instant back?
- What is instant photography?
- How to do a long exposure with an instant camera?
- How to do multiple exposures with an instant camera?
Pinhole photography
- How to make my own pinhole camera
- How long should I expose the frame for pinhole photography?
- What is the optimal pinhole size?
- Do pinhole cameras need to focus?
- What is the difference between a pinhole camera and a camera obscura?
- Which Lomography cameras can be used for pinhole photography?
- What is pinhole photography?